How to Make Easy, DIY Rochelle Salt

Rochelle salt or potassium sodium tartrate is an interesting chemical that is used to grow large single crystals, which are attractive and interesting, but also may be used as transducers in microphones and gramophone pickups. The chemical is used as a food additive to contribute a salty, cooling taste. It is an ingredient in useful chemistry reagents, such  as Fehlings solution and Biuret reagent. Unless you work in a lab, you probably dont have this chemical lying around, but you can make it yourself in your own kitchen. Rochelle Salt Ingredients Cream of TartarWashing Soda or Sodium Carbonate (which you can get by heating baking soda or sodium bicarbonate in a 275 °F oven for an hour) Instructions Heat a mixture of about 80 grams cream of tartar in 100 milliliters of water to a boil in a saucepan.Slowly stir in sodium carbonate. The solution will bubble after each addition. Continue adding sodium carbonate until no more bubbles form.Chill this solution in the refrigerator. Crystalline Rochelle salt will form on the bottom of the pan.Remove the Rochelle salt. If you redissolve it in a small amount of clean water, you can use this material to grow single crystals. The key to growing Rochelle salt crystals is to use the minimum amount of water needed to dissolve the solid. Use boiling water to increase the solubility of the salt. You may wish to use a seed crystal to stimulate growth on a single crystal rather than throughout the container. Commercial Preparation of Rochelle Salt Commercial preparation of Rochelle salt is similar to how its made at home or in a small lab, but pH is carefully controlled and impurities are removed to ensure product purity. The process starts with potassium hydrogen tartrate (cream of tartar) that has a tartaric acid content of at least 68 percent. The solid is either dissolved in liquid from a previous batch or in water. Hot caustic soda is introduced to attain a pH value of 8, which also causes a saponification reaction. The resulting solution is decolorized using activated charcoal. Purification involves mechanical filtration and centrifugation. The salt is heated in a furnace to drive off any water before being packaged. Persons interested in preparing their own Rochelle salt and using it for crystal growth may wish to adopt some of the purification methods used in commercial production. This is because cream of tartar sold as a kitchen ingredient may contain other compounds (e.g., to prevent caking). Passing the liquid through a filter medium, such as filter paper or even a coffee filter, should remove most of the impurities and allow for good crystal growth. Rochelle Salt Chemical Data IUPAC Name: Sodium potassium L()-tartrate tetrahydrateAlso Known As: Rochelle salt, Seignettes salt, E337CAS Number: 304-59-6Chemical Formula: KNaC4H4O6 ·4H2OMolar Mass: 282.1 g/molAppearance: Colorless, odorless monoclinic needlesDensity: 1.79 g/cm ³Melting Point: 75  Ã‚ °C (167  Ã‚ °F; 348  K)Boiling Point: 220  Ã‚ °C (428  Ã‚ °F; 493  K)  Solubility: 26 g / 100 mL (0 â„Æ'); 66 g / 100 mL (26 â„Æ')Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic Rochelle Salt and Piezoelectricity Sir David Brewster demonstrated piezoelectricity using Rochelle salt in 1824. He named the effect pyroelectricity. Pyroelectricity is a property of some crystals characterized by natural electrical polarization. In other words, a pyroelectric material can generate a temporary voltage when heated or cooled. While Brewster named the effect, it was first referenced by the Greek philosopher Theophrastus (c. 314 BC) in reference to the ability of tourmaline to attract straw or sawdust when heated. Sources Brewster, David (1824). Observations of the pyro-electricity of minerals. The Edinburgh Journal of Science. 1: 208–215.Fieser, L. F.; Fieser, M. (1967). Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Vol.1. Wiley: New York. p. 983.Kassaian, Jean-Maurice (2007). Tartaric Acid. Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/14356007.a26_163Lide, David R., ed. (2010). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). CRC Press, pp. 4–83.Newnham, R.E.; Cross, L. Eric (November 2005). Ferroelectricity: The Foundation of a Field from Form to Function. MRS Bulletin. 30: 845–846. doi:10.1557/mrs2005.272

Thomas Paine s Common Sense - 1591 Words

In the first several pages of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, he makes it very clear his feelings for the British Government. â€Å"The king is not to be trusted without being looked after†¦,† Paine states (page 6). He is trying to convey that the kind should not be able to make important decisions without someone going back behind him to check and make sure he is not messing anything up. He also goes on to talk about how the common people are wiser and more worthy of confidence than the crown. Expressing that the common people are less likely to make poor decisions than the king. It is clear that Paine is not in favor of a monarchy to rule over Britain because, he states, â€Å"†¦there is something ridiculous in the composition of a monarchy.† Paine’s ideal form of government would be a representative democracy that gives roughly equal weight to each colony. He also says that the sole purpose of a government is to protect life, liberty, and propert y, and a government should solely be judged on the extent to which it accomplishes these goals. Paine believes that Britain has never really been a part of a representative democracy because of the monarchy. Also, because of the lack of a House of Commons, which is chosen by the people, because of hereditary succession, which is obviously not chosen by the people, but people born into the royal family. Hereditary succession has basically eliminated the people’s chance of having a voice or say so in what decisions are made for them. PaineShow MoreRelatedThomas Paine s Common Sense Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine began writing Common Sense in late 1775 under the working title of Plain Truth. With Benjamin Rush, who helped him edit it, publish it, and suggested the final title, Paine developed his ideas into a forty-eight page pamphlet. 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He also edited the Pennsylvania Magazine. The war for American Independence can be traced back to 1763 when the French and Indian war occurred. The British won the war, but also had a substantial debt. Thus, they began to heavily tax the American coloniesRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense887 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense questions the King’s priorities and why American colonists would stay with him, which gave the American colonists the confidence in themselves to separate from the British. In Thomas Paineâ €™s first page of his pamphlet Common Sense, Paine says â€Å"As a long and violent abuse of power.† Now for years the colonists had believed the King had bad advisers and that basically everyone in Britain but the King was the problem. 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Paine is redeveloping the American concept of rights and, thus, redefining its roots. By eliminating British ties in this pamphlet, he creates a â€Å"rights foundation† that relies on discourse and national institutionsRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense Pamphlet1719 Words   |  7 Pagesfigure to back their frustrations. Radical journalist and political animal, Thomas Paine, was the first to openly ask for liberty, in the Pennsylvania Magazine. Paine’s ordinary language appealed to the common folk, and allowed them to participate in colonial meetings; Their strength would be dependent on numbers. The published piece gave clear reason for the colonists to fight for their freedom. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense pamphlet asserted purpose to the impending ward on England, and inspired allRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense Assignment976 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine’s Common Sense Assignment Thomas Paine published Common Sense in January of 1776, and it was a motive that pushed for America to gain freedom from British rule. Paine used Common Sense as a way to explain to the Colonist just what Britain was doing to the colonies and what they were stopping them from achieving. Paine used language that colonist used in everyday life so that it was more appealing to them. Being that it was written in an easy to understand language and stated what theRead MoreAnalysis of Thomas Paine ´s Pamphlet, Common Sense846 Words   |  3 PagesCommon Sense Throughout time, events such as wars and assassinations have occurred that people today can describe as â€Å"a turning point in history†. 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Describe How You Might Contribute to a Lesson Given free essay sample

Before the lesson began, I would check with the teacher which instrument/s were to be used and if we were to use music sheets or any other handouts. I would ensure the classroom was safe and tidy, I would then check there were enough instruments for each child or if they were to share and then arrange the classroom in a suitable manner. I would set out the instruments and any accompanying materials to allow the children to begin the lesson straight away.Prior to the class I would review where the instruments were kept and if they were in a suitable place for the children to access. Before the children attended the class, I would check all of the instruments were in working order and that I knew how to use the instrument and review any details that the children may want to know. This will allow me to be confident when helping the children and help me to be a positive role model to the children. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe How You Might Contribute to a Lesson Given or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During the lesson, I would supervise the children and help keep their concentration on the lesson at hand to help minimise any negative behaviour, handing out praise and encouragement where appropriate. I would help any child who was struggling with the lesson and provide any extra support and encouragement they needed. While the lesson is in progress I would remain calm and confident with any issues or questions that may arise and help the children to get the most out of the lesson. Through the lesson, I would observe the children to see if any needed any extra assistance or if any child stood out.This will help me to review the lesson with the teacher and make any further arrangements for following lessons. At the end of the class I would encourage and assist the children in returning the instruments to the correct area and check the instruments were still in good working order. I would also update any inventory of the instruments, so they were available for the other students. If required I would discuss the lesson with the teacher and pass on any observations that I had made.

Termite Lab Report Sample

Termite Lab Report Paper To test the behavior f termites in relation with the presence of ink, we outlined two shapes with two different writing utensils and timed how long out of a sixty second time period that the termite spent on each path. The results showed that termites spend a substantially longer amount of time following the path of an ink pen than paths made from other writing utensils. The tested termites spent an average amount of 26. 9 out of 60 seconds on paths made by the ink pen, but an average of only 2. 4 of 60 seconds on a path made by a Sharpie marker. The p-value for the data is . 00309 for the pen and 0. 000214 for the Sharpie marker. The results suggest that termites are attracted to the pheromones contained in ink. This contributes to understanding how termites communicate and travel in areas without light. Introduction Many studies have been performed in order to express the relationship between termites and ink. Termites produce chemicals in special glands on their bodies called pheromones to communicate with each other in the environment in which they live (Termite-Control, 2012). Pheromones are released between he insects to exchange messages, give commands, or attract mates (Healthy Treatment, 2012). Ink releases the same pheromones that termites make within their bodies. We usually think of pheromones as being transferred through scent, but they are actually transferred straight from the sender to the receiver. The insect automatically receives the signal once it is transmitted, without the action of sniffing (Wyatt, 2003). Our hypothesis is that if a pathway is drawn with an ink pen, then a termite will be attracted to the path and trace it due to the pheromones. We will write a custom essay sample on Termite Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Termite Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Termite Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Our null hypothesis is that if a pathway is drawn with anything other than ink, the termite will not be attracted to it and will not follow the path drawn. Methods Two circles were drawn directly across from each other on plain white paper. One was drawn with a black Sharpie marker, and the other was drawn with a black ballpoint pen. Three separate termites were dropped directly in the middle of the two circles, and their reactions were recorded for sixty seconds. This was repeated once for each termite. Results The average time calculated for time spent on the pen outline was 26. Seconds. The average time spent on the Sharpie marker outline was 2. 4 seconds. The p- value was calculated to be 0. 000309 for the pen and 0. 000214 for the Sharpie. The standard deviation for the pen was found to be 25. 66 and 3. 97 for the Sharpie. Figure 1. Average Time Spent on Each Writing Utensil per 60 Seconds. Error bars represent one standard deviation above and below the mean. Discussion The resu lts of this experiment support the idea that termites are drawn to follow the pheromones released from the ink in ballpoint pens rather than paths drawn tit other writing utensils. The data collected shows that the majority of the termites spent a majority of the timed sixty seconds tracing the outline of the pen as opposed to the outline of the Sharpie marker. The ink released from the Sharpie marker does not release the pheromones that termites are attracted to. The main limitation of the experiment was that the termites were not in their natural environment; they were placed in the light. Future experiments could be done in black paper or in the dark to see how termites would react when in their natural environment.

Revisiting My Past Life Essays

Revisiting My Past Life Essays Revisiting My Past Life Essay Revisiting My Past Life Essay Essay Topic: The Visit Back then, it was a military town that focused primarily on the base. At the tender age of 18, I was plucked from my life in the suburb of Lincoln Park, Mi. And taken to this small town, not knowing anyone, this was a traumatic experience for me. Though, I was happy to be married to the person I loved, I was not happy about leaving my family and friends behind. When I arrived in Soda, it was worse than I expected. There was nothing up there, not for me anyway. Remember, I was only 18 and used to life in the big city. There was no department store, no mall, no big movie theater, what was I to do? Sure, it was beautiful and peaceful and serene, but I was 18, I did not care about that. If I wanted so much as a whopper, the nearest Burger King was 50 miles away in Alpine! I relied primarily on my husband to keep me occupied and entertained because I knew no one. I envied him because he had the opportunity to go to work and interact with people on a daily basis. In the meantime, I was stuck in this little cottage on the shores of Lake Huron all day, with no one to talk to. I would call my mother and grandmother every day and talk for hours. Soon, I became friends with some of the other military wives, which in itself, is a very tight knit relationship. It was more than friendship, it was like family. We took care of each other and were each others support group. The very kind of friendship that I wish I had today. My husband and I lived in a very tiny cottage on US 23, on the shores of Lake Huron. Very quiet, and peaceful and beautiful. I wouldnt say I hated it, but I would much rather have been in Lincoln Park. The cottage was very quaint and cute. Its walls were made of knotty pine, which was typical of all the houses up there. It had two small bedrooms, a bath with a shower stall, no bathtub, a tiny kitchen and a small living room. A hunters paradise. I brought my first born home to this cottage in 1985, which was very challenging because I knew nothing about motherhood at that tender age. My mother came up for a week to help. When she left, I had to figure things out on my own. I was now a woman and had grown up, although, I still longed for home. The time came in 1986, my now ex-husband was discharged from the Air Force and I was boring town. Happiness, Rejoice! I did not realize at that time, I was leaving what I always wanted behind. Things were more simple up there and I Just did not see it then. My husband and I were never as close as we were when we lived there. We ere forced to deal with problems we faced because all we had were each other. Our marriage fell apart in 1999 and I had not been to Soda since our divorce. I decided to go up there for the first time in 27 years. Things have changed since then, the base has closed down and is now home to the former race car driver Connie Galatia, he houses his planes on base. They have also sold the base housing to families. They have a Burger King now and a Smart and a few other businesses that were not there then. I was haunted by my memories. Everywhere I went, I could picture myself being 27 years earlier. It was like I was standing beside myself in a efferent time and I almost wanted to reach out to my former self and say see, all this time you wanted to get away and this is exactly where you wanted to be the whole time I actually was able to stay in the very same cottage I had lived in when I was 18, the lady was renting it out. This time I had a very different perspective of my cottage. I noticed things that I did not notice before. As soon as I walked in the door of my former home, all these memories came rushing towards me, overwhelming me. Oh, how I have missed this place and longed to be part of it again. It was almost as if it had been waiting for me all these years. I stood there for which seemed like an eternity, taking in every detail I could of my old life. I sat down on the couch for literally a few hours taking in the sounds of the waves from Lake Huron crashing against the shore. The cool breeze blowing in through the open windows. Taking in the smell of the nice clean, crisp, air. I stood up and started walking from room to room, gliding my hands along the walls, remembering every single memory each room had to offer. I could actually hear the voices and laughter of my ex-husband and me. I could see us walking in the front door with our newborn baby girl and asking her in the room a placing her in the crib. It was like a movie where the person has died and can see everything happening around them, haunting, really. The old expression you never really know what you have until its gone never rang more true. I did not want to go to sleep, I Just wanted to enjoy all the time I could there, not wanting it to end. I was frozen in time and wanted to stay that way. But of course, two days later, it was time for me to come back to reality. I wrote a little note to myself and hid it in the cabin as I intend to visit it once again. Soda will always be forever frozen in time for me. My forever home.

Persuasive Research Paper

Persuasive Research Paper Persuasive Research Paper Persuasive research paper: Lead-in! Persuasive research papers are general-purpose in high school and college-level English or writing classes. The main idea of a persuasive research paper is to argue a specific side of the question. To know some statement points will be helpful for you during your writing process. Your teacher should keep you focused on the main point. But before you start creating the persuasive research paper, you first must choose an issue/problem to persuade the reader about, decide on a side of the issue to argue and research that side. Persuasive research paper: How to Write a Good Persuasive Research Paper? If you asking yourself this question, you have some doubts in correct writing research papers. However, you should know that there is no hopeless situation. You can always find a way out, and you almost had done it. If you are reading this article and recognizing yourself, it would be better to continue reading. And now, if you still want to write a persuasive research work successfully you should follow next advices:Try to make a preliminary plan/ scheme of your research paper. Write your topic/ theme at the top of the plan. This will give you a guiding point. Remember that all points in your paper, and on the plan, should move around and support the thesis. So the thesis should state the issue and the side of the issue that you are arguing. Try to use at least three main headings in your plan. Titles should begin with Roman numerals (I, II, III) Use a general title to identify definite angle on the issue/problem to persuade. As a rule, persuasive research papers begin with common information and move toward more special information. Try to use at least two paragraphs for each main heading. Do not forget that paragraphs should be numerated with the capital letters. Paragraphs are used to explain the main idea of sub-titles. Try to use as much classification as possible in your plan. Use numbers in further separation of the paragraph. Further classifications are used to give more information about each paragraph to support the argument. Now, when you have divided your persuasive research paper into parts (paragraphs, chapters), you should include all the information from your research in the parts, where it belongs. Try to use whole the variety of sources. Use citations and well-known quotations for your sources to help you remember which source to use in the research paper. Source information should not be included as one of the main category; backwards, try to use it as a paragraph. Persuasive research paper: Flashback! Try to write persuasive research paper carefully and accurately. Only in such case you will get a good result, pay attention to the subject of writing and your personal style. Pay attention to errors! When you finished creating research, take a rest and later with new forces try to check your work. Hope, this article was useful for you, and you got some experience in writing persuasive research paper.

Pop Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pop Culture - Research Paper Example The young ones like to connect with the pop music because they believe this is them when they hum along to songs, attend concerts, be a part of the karaoke nights and basically have a good time within the pop domains. The pop culture within music has always been a good subject to comprehend because the pop music is more about loudness and bang-bang than any other thing. They focus less on how things are followed by the book but understand how things are done in a quick and hassle-free way. This is, therefore, some of the best-known reasons why pop music has been able to showcase the young artists, the teenage sensations, and so on and so forth. The pop music and indeed the pop culture does not represent or take into consideration the people from the older age segments or the ones who are facing mid-life issues. Lady Gaga’s influence on the pop music and indeed the generation of present times is something to write home about. She is one pop singer that has touched the zenith of success during her brief pop career. However, she has touched hearts of millions around the globe and has represented the pop culture in a way that has not been known to be linked with others in the pop music industry. Therefore the role of pop music within the popular culture of present times is an acknowledged one and is manifested for a number of different reasons. People have started to think that pop culture will basically put the young ones on the right track, whereby the latter can listen to songs all day long and remain calm all this while. If they indulge in some other activities which are unbecoming of their own selves, then that would not be a pardonable excuse at all. So it is always an appreciable act on the part of the elders in the current times to allow the manifestation of the pop music in its diverse forms. Pop Culture on Television How programming has been affected with television and how the same has been inter-linked with the pop culture is somewhat of an inter esting debate. This is because the pop culture has brought about a number of programming advancements within the realms of this select audience (McNicol, 2009). The young ones now feel that they have a separate and unique identity of their own, which is being represented through the different pop music channels and distinctive programs – all of which cater to the needs and requirements of the time. The children and teenagers know that they need to keep a close track of what is happening within the pop culture regimes so that they can come along well with the changing times and be considered hip and happening within their respective social circles. The need is to remain fast track with the amending technological documentations and this has been in the form of immense progress that has come about with the advent of the pop culture. The pop culture on

Sexual politics in adolescent Speech or Presentation

Sexual politics in adolescent - Speech or Presentation Example Usually these physical changes occur after the puberty period. A man is taller and heavier than an average woman is. Similarly, a scientific research study shows that the strength of a male is 30% more than females. Women have more fats in the body as compare to men. Usually teenage girls are not fat but as the puberty signs show they used to put on some weight. The difference in the levels of hormones is also considerable in both female and male body. In addition to puberty, there are some other considerable changes in the human body as the individual grows into an adult. A male brain consists of more brain cells and tissues as compare to females. Females’ sense organs are more sensitive to sound signals as compare to men. A male body skin is more thick and oily as compare to a female one. Major body organs like lungs and heart are larger in men. Bone development is faster in females as compare to males (Main 2010). After the puberty starts, the brain development is faster in the individuals. The developmental changes in the brain helps them to further feel their hormonal changes also. Like other organs, there is a difference in the brain structure of men and women. Males’ brains are larger and denser as compare to the female brain. Research studies show that the difference in the sex hormones can be witnessed during the 26th week of pregnancy. The language use and the motor skills are more developed in a female as compare to male because of the efficiency in that particular part of the brain. Learning disabilities occur in boys frequently as compare to the girls. The signs of puberty start signaling in girls earlier as compare to boys. But the brain maturity is faster in boys as compare to girls. An author is of the opinion that men and women behave differently when they become powerful after puberty changes (Lowen 2013). These differences can be discussed under the

International Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

International Human Resource Management Essay Discuss and analysis the impact of Chinese culture and traditions upon adopted human resource management and strategic human resource management in multinational companies. ?Analysis the external factors that shape human resource activities will be social, economic, political and legal. 1. 2 Introduce the international human resource management The 80% of the world’s industrial output are produced by the 1000 largest companies in the world. That point out that the world is becoming more international. In all of the international companies international human resource management is a key to get success. The international human resource management (IHRM) is the way in which international organizations manage their human resource across different national contexts. These international organizations’ human resource manger must address on the culture and external factors. For example the HR manger must find out the way can make HRM is conducted in other countries—the laws, culture, labour market and so on. China is developing very rapid, owing to the rapid growth of internationalization of Chinese, more and more multinational enterprises (MNEs) have put interest in IHRM. Chapter 2 the impact of national culture As we all know, different countries have different cultures. Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another. (Hofstede, 1991) In all of the international organizations or multinational enterprises (MNEs) and many small medium-size enterprises (SMEs) are inevitable that the cultural difference has impact on business. For example, when a company having meeting, the word ‘table’ in American English it means to put something on the agenda. But in British English it means to put something off the agenda. This example indicated how the culture affects the business. Chinese culture has much different from the west countries. For example the language, architecture, relationship to environment and so on. 2. 1 What is culture? [1] Hodgetts and Luthans (1994) argue that culture is: acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and to generate social behavior. This knowledge form values, creates attitudes and influences behaviour. They further suggest that culture can be characterized using the following terms. ?Learned. Culture is acquired by us all as we grow and as we experience, it is acquired through the process of socialization. ?Shared. Culture is a group phenomenon and the group varies. For example, it may be members of a nation, an organization or a sex. ?Transgenerational. It is passed down from one generation to the next. ?Patterned and structured. ?Adaptive. It changes over time and in response to many stimulate. 1 Mike Leat, Human Resource Management Issues of the European Union, 1998, P4 From Hodgetts and Luthans said we know that culture can be characterized using the following figure: Figure 1 Module of Organizational culture 2. 2 National culture The most influential pieces of research in relation to national culture are the work of Hofstede. There are four cultural dimensions that were defined in Hifstede’s research: ? Power distance ?Uncertainty avoidance ?Individualism v collectivism ?Masculinity v femininity The writer will use Higsted’s research to analysis Chinese culture and enable a clearer view in how the cultures affect the IHRM in China. Power distance I think the power distance is the most important influence in cultural. The power distance is the distance between a manager and employee. In another word the power distance is how much employee can consent or dissent with bosses or managers. A high power distance indicates that the employee is likely to expect and accept inequality in this power distribution. Like in China the power distance is a high power distance culture. In China the managers or boss always have more privileges to make the decision and superiors. The managers’ decisions always close supervision positively evaluated by employee.

Maybe Rape Is Not Always so Bad :: Social Issues, Unwanted Sex

â€Å"He held her as if his flesh had cut through hers and she felt the bones of his arms on the bones of her ribs, her legs jerked tight against his, his mouth on hers† (Rand 216). The narrator begins the scene by describing every detail and giving insight to the current situation of Dominique and Roark, which lingers on the sexual tension between them. Scenes leading up to this clearly show that both these people want each other. Although that does not necessarily make the sex consensual, while the sex is needed. If Roark had not raped Dominique she would have never been able to become free. Despite the common thought that it is not rape if it is enjoyed, Roark did rape Dominique. This is because rape can be defined as forced or unwanted sex, to gain power. However, this inaccurate phrase about rape not being rape when it is enjoyed is often used in situations when rape is occurring, and the victim first protests, but then starts having fun; which is is exactly what happened in this scene. â€Å"She lay still in his arms, in the first instant, in the shock of feeling his skin against hers, the thing she had thought about, had expected, had never known to be like this, could not have known, because this was not part of living, but a thing one could not bear longer than a second† (Rand 216). Dominique was scared by these forceful actions and was left unsure what to do; because of this many individuals place the blame on Dominique stating that she did not fight against it, which makes the sex consensual, but they are mistaken. â€Å"She fought like an animal. But she made no sound. She did not call for help† (Rand 216). She did fight and struggled with it, even if she did not call for help its does not matter because if she did call for help, there is a good chance that no one would have heard her. Besides not calling for help, she did everything that she could to not submit herself to him. Letting him take control of her was something she did not want to allow, so should fought as long as she possibly could. â€Å"She tried to tear herself away from him† (Rand 216). As she did continue to try to tear her self away it was not effective, so rather than continuing to struggle by putting up a fight she just submitted herself to him.

Cell Phones in the Hands of Drivers: a Risk or Benefit? Essay

Cell Phones in the Hands of Drivers A Risk or a Benefit Ariana Laguna English 102 Professor Barnes/Walter 10 December 2012 Outline THESIS: Unless the risks of cell phones are shown to outweigh the benefits, we should not restrict their use in moving vehicles: instead, we should educate the public about the dangers of driving while phoning and prosecute irresponsible phone users under laws on negligent and reckless driving. I. Scientific studies haven’t proved a link between use of cell phones and traffic accidents. A. A study by Redelmeier and Tibshirani was not conclusive, as the researchers themselves have admitted. B. Most states do not keep records on accidents caused by driver distractions. C. In a survey of research on cell phones and driving. Cain and Burris report that results so far have been inconclusive. II. The Risks of using cell phones while driving should be weighed against the benefits. A. At the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, researchers found that the risks of driving while phoning were small compared with other driving risks. B. There are safety, business, and personal benefits to using cell phones on the road. III. We need to educate drivers on using cell phone responsibly and enforce laws on negligent and reckless driving. A. Educating drivers can work B. It is possible to enforce laws against negligent and reckless driving; in states that do not do an adequate job of enforcement, the pueblo can lobby for improvement. Cell Phones in the Hands of Drivers: A Risk or Benefit? As of 2000, there were about ninety million cell phone users in the United States, with 85% of them using their phones while on the Road (Sundeen !). Because of evidence that cell phones impair drivers by distraction them, some states have considered laws restricting their use in moving vehicles. Proponents of legislation correctly point out those using phones while driving can be dangerous. The extent of the danger, however, is a matter of debate, and the benefits may outweigh the risks. Unless the risks of cell phones are shown to outweigh the benefits, we should not restrict their use in moving vehicles. Instead, we should educate the public about the dangers of driving while phoning and prosecute irresponsible phone seers under the laws on negligent and reckless driving. Assessing the risks We have all heard horror stories about distracted drivers chatting on their cell phone. For example, in a letter to the editor, Anthony Ambrose describes being passed by another driver â€Å"who was holding a Styrofoam cup and a cigarette in one hand, and a cellular telephone in the other, and who had what appeared to be a newspaper balanced on the steering wheel- all at approximately 70 miles per hour† (128). Another driver, Peter Cohen, says that after he was rear-ended, the guilty party emerged from his vehicle still talking on the phone (127). Admittedly, some drivers do use their cell phones irresponsibly. The dangers are real, but how extensive are they? To date there have been a few scientific reports on the relation between cell phone use and traffic accidents. In 1997, Donald Redelmeier and Robert Tibshirani studied 699 drivers who owned mobile phones and had been in accidents. The drivers, who volunteered for the study, gave the researchers detailed billing records of their phone calls. With these data, the researchers found that â€Å"the risk of a collision when using a cellular telephone was not being used† (433). Although the conclusion sounds dramatic, Redlemeier and Tibshirani caution against reading too much into it: Our study indicates an association but not necessarily a causal relation between the use of cellular telephones while driving and a subsequent motor vehicle collision†¦.In addition, our study did not include serious injuries†¦.Finally, the data do not indicate that drivers were at fault in the collisions; it may be that cellular telephones merely decrease a driver’s ability to avoid a collision caused by someone else. (457) Pointing out that cell phones have benefits as well as risks, the authors do not recommend restrictions on their use while driving. Unfortunately, most states do not keep adequate records on the number of times phones are a factor in accidents. As of December 2000, only ten states were trying to keep such records (Sundeen 2). In addition, currently there is little scientific evidence comparing the use of cell phones with other driver distractions: fiddling with the radio, smoking, eating, putting on makeup, shaving, and so on. Alasdair Cain and Mark Burries of the Center Urban Transportation Research surgery research on the cell phone issue as of 1999 and concluded that there is â€Å"no nationally-accredited document to prove the connection between mobile phone use and traffic accidents.† Because research results have been so inconclusive, it makes sense to wait before passing laws that might well be unnecessary. Weighting risks and benefits In 2000, researchers at the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis found that the risk of driving while phoning were small compared with other driving risks. Whereas the cell phone user’s chance of dying are about 6 in a million per year, someone not wearing a seat belt has a risk of 49.3 per million, and someone driving a small car has a risk of 14.5 per million (3). Because of this comparatively small risk regulation of phones may not be worth the coast of the legislation as well as the additional burden such legislation would put on law enforcement officers. In addition to the risks, there are benefits to using phones on the road. Matt Sundeen reports that drivers with cell phones place an estimated 98,000 emergency calls each day and that the phones â€Å"often reduce emergency response times and actually save lives.† (1). The phones have business benefits too. According to transportation engineer Richard Retting, â€Å"Commuter time is no longer just for driving. As the comforts of home and the efficiency of the office creep into the automobile, it is becoming increasingly attractive as a work space† (in Kilgannon A23). Car phones also have personal benefits. A mother coming home late from work can check in with her children, a partygoer lost in a strange neighborhood can call for directions, or a teenager whose car breaks down can phone home. Unless or until there is clear evidence of a direct link between cell phone use and traffic accidents, the government should not regulate use of cell phones while driving. A better approach is to educate the public to the dangers of driving while distracted and to enforce laws on negligent and reckless driving. Educating drivers and enforcing laws Educational efforts can work. In the last twenty years, government and private groups have managed to change the driving habits of Americans. Seat belts are now regularly worn, people commonly appoint designated drivers when a group is drinking, small children are almost always put in safety seats, and most drivers turn on their headlights in rainy weather. Enforcing laws against negligent and reckless driving can also work. Even groups concerned with safety support this view. For instance, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration advises states to enforce their reckless and negligent driving laws and, where necessary, to strengthen those laws; it does not call for restrictions on use of the phones (United States, Dept. of Transportation). The California Highway Patrol opposed, restricting use of phones while driving, claiming that distracted drivers can already be prosecuted (Jacobs). It is possible, of course, that some states do not enforce their laws to the extent necessary. In such instances, citizens should pressure on highway patrols to step up enforcement, for without fear of prosecution many drivers will not change their behavior. The use of cell phones while driving is probable here to stay, despite the risks, unless future studies prove that the risks clearly outweigh the benefits. However, public safety concerns are real. To dares those concerns, we should mount a major educations campaign to educate drivers about that dangers of driving while distracted and insist that laws on negligent and reckless driving be enfaced as vigorously as possible. Works Cited Ambros, Anthony. Letter. New England Journal of Medicine 337.2 (1997): 128. Print. Cain, Alasdair, and Mark Burris. â€Å"Investigation of the Use of Mobile Phones while Driving.† Center for Urban Transportation Research. Coll. of Engineering, U of South Florida, Apr. 1999. Cohen, Peter J. Letter. New England Journal of Medicine 337.2 (1997): 127. Print. Harvard Center for Risk Analysis. â€Å"Cellular Phones and Driving: Weighing the Risks and Benefits. â€Å"Risk Perspective. President and Fellows of Harvard Coll.,July 2000. Web. 15 Mar. 2001. Jacobs, Annette. â€Å"guest Opinion: No News Laws Needed for Driver Distractions. â€Å"Wireless Week. Advantage Business Media, 24 May 1999. Web. 12 Mar. 2001. Kilgannon, Corey. â€Å"Road Warriors with Laptops.† New York Times 15 Aug. 2000: A23. Print. Redelmeier, Donald A., and Robert J. Tibshirani. â€Å"Association between Cellular-Telephone Calls and Motor Vehicle Collisions. â€Å"New England Journal of Medicine 33 6.7 (1997): 453-58. Print. Sundeen, Matt. â€Å"Cell Phones and Highway Safety: 2000 State Legislative Update. â€Å"National Conference of State Legislatures. Natl. Conf. of State Legislatures, Dec. 2000. Web. 11 Mar. 2001. United States of Transportation. Natl. Highway Traffic Safety Administration. â€Å"An Investigation of the Safety Implications of Wireless Communication in Vehicles.† NHTSA. Natl. Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Nov. 1997. Web. 12 Mar. 2001.

Swot Analysis: Javanet Internet Cafe

SWOT Analysis: JavaNet Internet Cafe Business Overview JavaNet Internet Cafe is to be the first high tech internet cafe in Eugene, Oregon. The cafe will provide computer equipment, as well as high speed internet access as well as coffee and bakery items. The appeal of this company is to provide advanced internet services to the public that may not be affordable in home use. Also, the business plan includes a training staff to assist new internet users in learning the basics of the internet. The goal of this plan is to provide an upscale social and educational environment for those who desire internet access as well as social interaction and technical assistance. Strengths JavaNet has sought out a knowledgeable staff who are eager to teach internet basics to new users. They have purchased state of the art equipment which will appeal to users who may not be able to afford the best equipment in their home or office. The company will offer a higher-class environment than other coffee houses or internet cafes. The amenities will include hard wood tables and booths, track lighting, local art, and upscale coffee house equipment. The business appears to have sufficient capital from grants and investors to maintain operations for the first year. The small scale of the business requires only a small staff, and the business model appropriately includes the necessary management. The market segments are accurately identified as a split between new internet users, and the more experienced â€Å"power users†. The business plan includes appropriate services for both segments. The marketing plan is effective for this type of business. Local advertisement and newspaper ads will be appropriate for the local scale of the business. Weaknesses Like any other technology based company, JavaNet is heavily dependent on a rapidly changing market. Computer technology, to include hardware and software as well as the users evolve very quickly. While computer technology may require the most attention in a dual service business such as this one, the other half should not be neglected. It seems as though not enough thought has gone to the coffee shop aspect of the business. In order to be competitive with the high volume of coffee shops in Eugene, a staff who is knowledgeable and trained in making and serving specialty drinks will also be necessary. Opportunities Since this business was to open in 1998, the demand for public internet access was high. In Eugene, Oregon, JavaNet would be the first cafe to offer internet access as well as specialty coffee. There are several high end coffee suppliers in the region and wholesale cost for quality coffee beans is relatively low compared to resale value. The demand for gourmet coffee is high, and should do well with the quickly growing interest in internet access. At the time, in 1998, home internet access was not affordable for everyone, and the dial up services were certainly not as fast as the T2 connections being offered by JavaNet. Access to new and expensive Software applications would be available to customers that would not normally be available unless the person had access to an office or school computer lab. Threats The greatest threat to this business plan may be offering services that are appealing enough to bring customers from their home to the cafe. As technology advances, the cost of ownership for high tech computing and internet equipment goes down. The equipment that is available in the cafe may soon be available for home purchase at an affordable cost. Having seen the â€Å"future† since the start up of this business, we now know that high speed internet access is available in the home at a very affordable price. Many larger, mainstream food franchises now offer wi-fi (high speed wireless internet access) in their establishments. McDonald's and Starbucks are two of the first companies to offer free wi-fi in almost all of their United States locations. For JavaNet to remain successful and competitive, the owners and staff must continually modify and evolve their business plan to be one step ahead of the services that are offered for in-home use. In 1998, a high speed internet connection along with laser printing and access to popular software, such as Adobe Photoshop and Microsoft Office applications were not affordable to many for home use. Ten years later, most of these items are commonplace in the home. Another threat will be competition from similar businesses. While JavaNet may be at the front of the Cybercafe wave in Eugene, similar businesses will be starting in the near future. The owners and operators must be able to foresee the competition and have the ingenuity to offer cutting edge services that are not available from the competition. References Internet Cafe Business Plan. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 18th, 2009, from http://www. bplans. com/internet_cafe_business_plan/executive_summary_fc. cfm

Alcohol and Family Violence Essay Essay Example

Alcohol and Family Violence Essay Essay Example Alcohol and Family Violence Essay Essay Alcohol and Family Violence Essay Essay Alcohol and household Violence has been an issues with households for many old ages. these are two devils that some merely can’t interruption. households have been sing the traumatic of one’s physical unmanageable actions. Alcohol has become one’s emphasis stand-in in all positions that it began to take over one’s manner of thought and reaction. this is ways persons express their evil ideas and the sad thing it that the maltreatment of intoxicant has a Domino consequence on their children’s as they become grownups and parents later in life. If community members understand force otherwise. their responses may be inconsistent and even harmful to victims. ( Advocate. Minnesota. ( 2003 ) ) . Almost 6. 500 kids across the universe have been a victim of household force which leads up to being in a individual parent place. One in three kids globally ( 30 % ) said as leader of their state ; they would undertake force by bettering jurisprudence and order. For kids in developing states. bettering instruction ( 17 % ) was the following precedence ( compared with merely 6 % of kids in developed states ) . ( 2003 ) . Child Fund. ) Finally. a 1991 survey in the United States found that the mean sum of intoxicant consumed prior to the usage of force was merely a few drinks. which â€Å"suggests that the act of imbibing may be more related to adult female maltreatment than the consequence of intoxicant. † Two other surveies indicate that drug usage is more strongly correlated to domestic force than is alcohol. ( 2003 ) . Child Fund. ) Bettering their self-pride. they abuse the victim physically. emotionally. and sometimes. sexually. Another cardinal factor in married woman maltreatment is alcohol. When the adult male is stressed. he turns to alcohol to alleviate it. Small does he cognize that the intoxicant makes him more cranky? â€Å"He started truly imbibing overly and that is when the maltreatment started. He had been imbibing I sat down to read the paper and he wanted his supper. . . he kicked the cat to the ceiling. he started slapping my face with both custodies. † ( Berger. 1990. pg. 42 ) . So. if you’re in an opprobrious relationship what is the best manner to acquire out and halt of the banging maltreatment? After ill-famed Acts of the Apostless of maltreatment. normally. the adult female will eventually recognize that the state of affairs will neer acquire better. Basically there are three basic grounds why adult females leave a violent relationship: Educated themselves about the necessary available aid. being faced with the impact on their kids ( mentally. physical. sexually and courage to cognize when adequate is adequate ) and adult females holding a tolerance degree of maltreatment. ( Berger. 1990. pg. 48 ) . Family Violence is Willfully or wittingly puting. or trying to topographic point. a household member in fright of injury. doing injury. unlawful parturiency or restraint against the household member’s will or continual torment which causes anguish. . A household member can be your partner or ex-spouse. kid ( including adopted and step kid ) . s ibling. parent or in-law. Now there are many factors that contribute to household force. the most normally seen are the features of the abused and the maltreater. There is no 1 specific state or civilization that is more opprobrious than another. maltreatment is spread across states. civilizations. socio-economic positions. races. faith and cultural groups ( Goldman. Salus. Wolcott A ; Kennedy. 2009 ) . For illustration. one may be really educated and kept up but if unable to command behaviour caused by emotions. he may be opprobrious. While if one may be hapless and lowly educated. if he is good controlled in his behaviours and emotions. he will so non be opprobrious. More frequently. in instances of kid maltreatment. the maltreater normally a parent. male parent or female parent. could be one who may be in state of affairss of emphasis or person who merely can non command their emotions. choler. In a paper written by Professor Harry J. Gaynor ( 1998 ) . in 1. 356 instances of kid maltreatment reported by National Burn Victim Foundation. there were 176 self-generated instances. of which 97 % of them are parents that are known to hold aggress ive response behaviour. There are two sorts of aggressive response. active and inactive. Active aggressive behaviours do non hold concern over the impact that choler will hold to the abused. this translates to actions of aching the abused verbally. could be hurtling hurtful words. humiliating. and physically. hitting the abused. While the inactive aggressive response behaviours are those that have cooped up. stamp downing negative emotions of a length of clip and a blow up or breakdown can be expected. this translates to behavior of disregard and non paying attending to the abused ( Gaynor. 1998 ) . Children are victims of adult’s unmanageable behaviour of choler. Equally much as we blame maltreaters. and we should look at their background and yesteryear. that when they were kids were tormented every bit good. Baltimore County. Maryland Police Department ( 2012 ) . shared some facts about kid mistreating inmates. that 84 % of them were abused as kids. households with more than four kids have higher r ates of abused and neglect. more than 80 % of the maltreaters are parent or person the kid is close to and parents on drugs is physically abused on a regular basis. There are parental histories and the rhythm of maltreatment that we have to factor into the features of the maltreater. Many of these persons who are mistreating their ain kids were victims of maltreatment and neglect themselves. ( Goldman et Al. . 2003 ) . There is no major difference in per centum of culprits being female or male. An evident close per centum of 50 % and 58 % of female parents and male parents are found to mistreat their ain kids. However. while individual female parents are accused of kid disregard. many male parents who abandon the kid are about neer considered in the disregard ( Newton. 2001 ) . Abuse frequently happen in environment or household state of affairs where it is overcrowded. normally happens with households with more than four kids. If the life conditions are cramped and isolated and parents do non keep proper stable occupations. the opportunities of maltreatment in those households. whether parent-child or sibling maltreatment may happen ( Baltimore County. Maryland Police Department. 2012 ) . From the Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders ( n. d. ) . some causes of maltreatment at times are merely due to parent’s ignorance of developmental phases. This ignorance can take to defeat and finally aggressive behaviours. They are under emphasis because their kid has issues with lavatory preparation or non run intoing their outlooks. Understanding developmental phases can assist parents to understand their child’s larning curve better and they will larn to get by with their outlook. Another cause is mental upsets. parent with depression. personality upsets or anxiousness upset etc. . can impact their ability to care for their kids. The abused. kids as the focal point. can lend toward household force toward themselves and they may neer cognize it. Disabled kids. kids with mental upsets. kids with development upsets. overactive kids are all at a higher hazard compared to a healthy kid in having maltreatment. These kids have demands that are particular. if they do non achieve needed demands. mode of communicating from them can be extremely straitening. Harmonizing to Sullivan ( 1996 ) from the Boys Town National Research Hospital. kids with disablements are found to be at greater hazard of maltreatment and disregard compared to kids without disablements ( Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. 2001 ) . Children with disablements of any signifier may be unable to come back. hold no apprehension that they are abused or can non pass on the occurrences of the maltreatment may hold issues because grownups know that they can acquire off with it because their maltreatments will non be reported. Knowing one can acquire off with it makes it easier to force through the maltreatment compared to put on the lining the kid kicking to others about the maltreatment. Children although still the ultimate victims whether or non they are the cause of the maltreatment and abused kids and the maltreater may hold much consequence in the society. There are long term effects environing household force and any signifiers of household force have effects to both the abused and the maltreater. Some of the effects are physical and neurobiological. cognitive and emotional and societal and educational. First. physical and neurological amendss are the seeable effects on a kid. direct injury from physical maltreatment can do ruptured variety meats and even possible encephalon malformation or deceleration. Neglect will do the kid to be ill-fed and/or nutritionary shortage. the kid will hold slow growing rate and development of the physical and encephalon would be unhealthy. This makes deficient in mental growing as good. Repeated trauma green goodss alterations in the neurochemistry of the encephalon that affects memory formation. This causes the individual to will clip to clip continually acquiring flashbacks of disconnected memories of emotions throughout their life. Cognitive and emotional amendss are comparative unobserved. Some kid s resort into utmost methods to cover with the traumatic experiences. Some cilium out at people around them and themselves. Some become down and do things that make them experience better. illustration by taking drugs and intoxicant. some even go to the extent of trying self-destruction. Bonding and fond regards with their parents or people in general may discontinue and apprehension of the mistreating behaviour might go lasting if aid does non come. Children that have been abused besides show no concern when person else is under hurt. they may even ensue to act in ways like hitting the other kid the same manner their maltreater did to them ( Sigelman A ; Rider. ( 2012 ) . A societal and educational consequence becomes obvious when the kid become less sociable or non sociable at all. insulating himself. The kid may besides go distrustful toward people in general doing them unable to decently hold a normal relationship. Due to this. the kid will turn up holding issues with self-esteem. have low degree of assurance. Behaviorally. some kids may turn up to go opprobrious or they become stray ( Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders. n. d. ) . Some of the kids who do non seek and hold support to recovery may see what they have been through has normal and appropriate. This is how the rhythm of maltreatment goes on. Abused kids are frequently emotionally and physically in hurting at school ; hence they are unable to concentrate at what they have to make. taking to them falling behind their classs. They find it difficult to do friends and hence either go a bully or acquire bullied at school every bit good. Because of this. instructors at school might see them as a debatable kid if they are non cognizant of the occurrences that are traveling on at place. With society ( school ) labeling them as debatable and being abused at place by parents they are likely to experience rejected by everyone. Intervention as a Human Services Professional I would propose that all household members seek reding to show all issues and acquire to the root cause of the job. When kids are involved seeing a healer with the household and without the parents would be one of my intercession to assist their household. I would besides hold the parents go to rearing categories. Resource: Advocate. Minnesota. ( 2003 ) . Alcohol and Domestic Violence. World Wide Web. umn. edu/hutments/svaw/ domestic/link/alcohol. htm Attorney-General’s Chambers ( 31 October 2009 ) . Interpretation of this Part. In Women’s Charter ( Chapter 353. Section 64 ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //statutes. agc. gov. seaborgium Baltimore County. Maryland. ( 2 January 2013 ) . Facts About Child Abuse. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. baltimorecountymd. gov/Agencies/police/community/abuse. hypertext markup language ( 2003 ) . Child Fund. World Wide Web. childfund. org. av/publication/new-childfund-survey-fines-assive-kids-blame-alcohol-number-one-cause-violence Gaynor. H. J. ( 1998 ) . The Root of Child Abuse: Anger. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. aaets. org/article63. htm Goldman. J. . Salus. M. K. . Wolcott. D. . Kennedy. K. Y. ( 2003 ) . A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and Neglect: The Foundation for Practice. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. childwelfare. gov/pubs/usermanuals/foundation/foundatione. cfm

Old School Hack

Old School Hack Old School Hack Old School Hack By Maeve Maddox Before computing added new meanings to the word hack, the meaning I associated most commonly with it was â€Å"a writer who churns out unimaginative writing for hire.† This use of the word hack derives from the horse rental industry. Hack is the shortened form of hackney, a word that entered English from French haquenà ©e, â€Å"a small horse suitable for ordinary riding.† In The Canterbury Tales (c.1368), Chaucer describes the Canon’s Yeoman as riding â€Å"a dapple-gray hackney.† From meaning a type of horse, hackney came to mean a rented horse. Because hired horses were overworked, hackney and hack came to mean any person employed in servile, tedious, and tiring work. As an adjective, hackney meant â€Å"worn out by indiscriminate or vulgar use.† One could speak of â€Å"a hackney proverb† or â€Å"a hackney plot.† In modern English, the adjective with this meaning is hackneyed: His [Dreiser’s] hackneyed and clichà ©d diction occurs frequently when he is not engaged in a form of indirect discourse, as in his description of the New York theatre district. By the 18th century, the noun hackney had been shortened to hack and could mean either â€Å"a hired horse† or â€Å"a hired carriage.† In the United States, hack is still used as a word for taxicab. By the 1770s, hack had taken on the meaning of â€Å"a literary drudge, who hires himself out to do any and every kind of literary work; hence, a poor writer, a mere scribbler.† It is still used with this sense by speakers who grew up before the word became associated with computing: There is hack fiction all over the best seller list so nothing new there. [James] Patterson belongs in his own category, reserved for the hacks committed to hacking every day. [Peter] Brown is a lesser hacker. Journalists have long been referred to as hacks because they must produce daily content on a variety of subjects. The application of the word hack to prolific, high-earning novelists scorned by literary critics has produced a backlash against the pejorative use of the word hack. Writing in The Guardian, David Barnett demands â€Å"Whats wrong with being a hack?† He reminds readers that literary giant Samuel Johnson declared â€Å"No man but a blockhead ever wrote, except for money.† Barnett sees nothing wrong with being â€Å"prolific, inventive, writing for a populist mass-market readership† and making money for it. Attempts to redefine hack as it applies to writers of fiction can only be wasted effort. The word has become too closely associated with computer use and new terminology is growing up to describe a new kind of writing: â€Å"Hacker journalists† are computer programmers who assume roles as journalists in order to affect social change. Unlike the traditional hack writer who writes only for monetary gain, â€Å"hacker journalists† pursue non-monetary rewards and seek personal fulfillment through moral interventionism. - â€Å"Muckraking in the Digital Age: Hacker Journalism and Cyber Activism in Legacy Media,† by Bret Schulte, and Stephanie Schulte, Mediac, The Journal of New Media and Culture, Volume 9, Issue 1) I guess we’ll just have to come up with a new term for â€Å"an unimaginative writer who will write any kind of drivel for money.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Handy Expressions About HandsLoan, Lend, Loaned, LentKn- Words in English

New Methods of Human Communication and their Importance Essay

New Methods of Human Communication and their Importance - Essay Example Today, communication to a great extent occurs through technological means. The existence of the mobile phone and social networking websites has made the world smaller and communications easier. However, the question remains as to whether there has actually been an increase in the amount that people talk to each other because of such inventions. Has communication between people increased as a result of the improvement in systems of communications? On the other hand, one also needs to look into the question as to whether the modern methods of communication that are present today have actually improved communication between people or whether the whole affair is a misconception or a mirage. This paper shall look into these questions and attempt to facilitate a discussion of the matter. With the introduction of the telephone, it became possible for people to communicate events and activities over long distances. Due to high costs and limited availability, the use of the telephone was limi ted during its initial stages but later, its use became widespread. The use of the letter reduced and there were many feelings and emotions that were left uncommunicated as a result. The written word could carry a lot of nuances in passages that a conversation on the telephone could not. Letters were written with deliberation and time was consumed during the composition of letters, unlike the conversations that are heard on telephones. The lack of speed in the delivery of letters had its own charm that the telephone could not replicate. There are often representations of people who are unable to communicate over the telephone in popular culture that indicate that the speed of communication in some cases kills the thought that goes behind communication. It is with the introduction of newer methods of communication all over the world that theories regarding the inadequacy of language and methods of communication came to be proposed by many thinkers. While this may seem like a paradox, proximity between the communicants can lead to an alienation between them. On the other hand, conversations on the telephone and especially on the mobile phone have a certain spontaneity associated with them that is natural to the manner in which it is used. While it may obviously not have the polish of a conversation carried on through letters, one is allowed to scream and lisp over the phone in a manner that is quite unimaginable in a conversation of letters. It also enables people to know where the other is, immediately, if one has made a plan to go to a certain place with other people. The opportunity to vent one’s anger is infinitely more effectively employable over a phone conversation that any other means of communication. Thus, one can see that with the invention of newer methods of communication, there are newer forms of information that are created and newer content that is modified so as to be placed in the framework of the new forms. Thus, it is not as if people do not communicate more, but both the forms and the content of communication has changed in the world of today. This is owing to the proliferation of newer methods of communication, the mobile phone being one of them. In many situations,

Markting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Markting - Essay Example It is also a place where they can easily go to during lunch breaks for quick make-overs such as manicures or pedicures. Clients from the offices do not need to commute to go to the salon since it is just walking distance from their offices. Competition is not very stiff because most salons are located in the malls. For the hair, the services offered at the salon include hair cut, shampoo, blow dry, hair relax, hair rebonding, color, perm, wave, hair extension, hot oil and other specialized hair treatments. Grooming services include hair waxing and threading. For the nails, the services offered are manicure and pedicure. Make-up services are also offered. For the body, there is a choice of massage services which include a chair massage, foot massage/spa and a full-body massage. The salon will be marketed as a â€Å"one-stop shop† meaning it offers all the services that a woman is looking for in a salon. There is no need for her to go to one salon to have her hair done and go to another to have a foot spa. The unique selling point of the salon is the convenience it offers to its clients. It is not a high-end salon since the target market are office workers. Prices for the services will be somewhere in the middle-ground to be affordable to its market. To attract customers, coffee, tea or fresh juices will be offered to them while at the salon. Aside from magazines, there will be LCD televisions to entertain them while being serviced at the salon. In this way, even if they have to wait and stay in the salon for hours, the clients will not be bored. Advertising for the salon will be limited to flyers which will be distributed to offices nearby or to passersby. Membership cards will be given to customers wherein they are able to accumulate points for every service done on them. After reaching a certain number of points, they can avail of free services or beauty products or apply the points for discounts. Another marketing strategy that will

Social Performance of National Football League(NFL) Research Paper

Social Performance of National Football League(NFL) - Research Paper Example Finally, in the end, a single elimination game is organized between the group winners of AFC and NFC. This culmination of the two group champions is known as the Super Bowl. The ultimate winner from the Super Bowl is awarded the Vince Lombardi Trophy. Other awards and accolades are given to the coaches and individual players for their exceptional performance that help a team to win. Most of the games are scheduled on the Sunday afternoons to attract more viewers. During the normal season, some games are planned on other week days like Thursdays and Mondays. The corporate structure of NFL is interesting to study. The league office of NFL is not constrained by income tax, as this unincorporated association earns no profit. However, the individual teams are subject to income tax because individually the teams generate profit. So NFL is like a trade association that is financed by its member teams. The league is mainly operated by the commissioner, treasurer and secretary. The conference s are headed by the president. An election is conducted to elect the commissioner and the president (August, n.d.). The prevailing weather condition is one of the key factors that affect the league externally. Sometimes the temperature can go below the normal expected temperature. This may negatively affect the league. Matches may get cancelled due to bad weather conditions, as in an extremely chilly weather it becomes difficult for the players to perform. It is also imperative to enhance the game experience for the fans. Initiatives should be taken by the league committee to conduct the games in indoor stadiums in case of adverse weather conditions. There has to be uniformity in the games so that unfair advantage is not given to any of the teams i.e. indoor facilities should be ensured for every match and not for particular matches as the external environment is vital for the team’s performance. Bad weather

Nature And Extent Of Globalisation Economics Essay

Nature And Extent Of Globalisation Economics Essay Globalisation in layman term, is commonly understood as the spread and connectedness of production, communication and technologies across the world. The International Monetary Fund defines globalisation as the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services, freer international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology. Globalisation involves the exchange of culture, practices and technologies. It is more than internationalisation, thus has powerful economic, political, cultural and social dimensions. There are three main indicators of globalisation. These are international trade, the transfer of money capital and the movement of people between countries. Retail is the sale of goods and services from individuals or business to the end-user. Retailers are part of the supply chain. There are different types of retailers, such as department stores, discount stores, warehouse stores, convenience stores, hypermarkets, supermarket, malls and e-tailers. The retail industry can be divided into several strategic groups from small to super scale. Among all these strategic groups, Tesco, Carrefour, Wal Mart, Metro AG and Kroger are global top five retailers that have similar business models or similar combination of strategies. The aerospace industry includes authorities and companies involved in the manufacturing, operating and maintenance of aircraft, engines and aircraft equipments. There are different civil aviation stake holders, such as governments (Federal Aviation Administration, United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority, Civil Aviation Administration of China), airlines (British Airways, Cathay Pacific Airways, United Airlines), maintenance repair organisations (Hong Kong Aircraft Engineering Company, Singapore Aircraft Engineering Company), manufacturers (Boeing, Airbus, Rolls Royce), and private aircraft owners. The aviation industry can also be divided into several strategic groups which cover a large scope of business. Among all these strategic groups, Pratt Whitney, General Electric, CFM International and Rolls Royce are global top four civil aero engine manufacturers that have similar business models or similar combination of strategies. PESTEL analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal (Appendix Table 1). It is a tool to conduct a strategic analysis and provide an overview of the different macro environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration to formulate the company strategy. In this portfolio we will focus on China Political, Economic, Technological in the areas of retail business and civil aviation. China with a population of over 1.3 billion is the worlds most populous country. China is the second largest county in the world by land area. Its total area is around 9,600.000 square kilometer. Since the economic reforms in 1978, China has become the worlds fastest-growing major economy. In 2012, China becomes the worlds second-largest economy, after the United States. It is also the worlds largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods. China is a single party state governed by the Communist Party. In 2011, Chinas GDP is around RMB47.2 trillion (1GBP=9.86RMB) , GDP growth rate 9.5%, income per capita RMB33,777, labour force 815.3 million, unemployment rate 6.1% and inflation 3.2%. The official language of China is Mandarin. English is popular among the younger. The literacy rate is 92.8%. The number of internet users reaches 500 million. Tianhe-1A worlds fastest supercomputer was developed in 2011. China has been the one of the states capable of sending human to the space. In 2009 the total sales in Chinas top 100 supermarkets is RMB575.6 billion, with CAGR of 15.6% from 2006 to 2009. The total number of supermarket outlets is 23,814. The Foreign-funded supermarket enterprise entered into China market in 2004 after the Chinese government lifted the restrictions on foreign capitals entry into Chinas retail industry. In 2009, the eight foreign-funded supermarkets including Carrefour, Wal-Mart and RT-Mart recorded total sales of RMB175.71 billions, with a total of 785 stores (Appendix 1, Table 2). The 31 domestic supermarkets (Better-Life, New Huadu, Wu Mart and Lianhua) recorded total sales of RMB391.3 billions, with a total of 23,004 stores. In the civil aviation sector, according to the forecast of Aviation Industry Corporation of China, China will have an increase of 4,583 civilian aeroplanes in the next 20 years. Chinese commercial aeroplane market will undoubtedly grow rapidly. To the year 2030, Chinas share of global aircraft fleet will increase from 9% to 15%. In addition, the business jet market has a huge growing capacity in the global industry. In the near future, China is still unable to produce its own commercial aero engine for its jets. All the civil aero engines are imported from overseas. The major players are Pratt Whitney, General Electric, CFM International and Rolls Royce. To help our clients understand the difference between United Kingdom and China Market in order to formalising their strategies, we apply the Ghemawats CAGE Distance Framework indentifying Cultural, Administrative, Geographic and Economic difference or distance between United Kingdom and China. Socio-cultural difference such as Religion and Values are important factors affecting the companies enter into China Market. Chinas traditional religions are Buddhism and Taoism while Christianity and Catholicism are two major religions in United Kingdom. Western and Chinese companies conduct business in a very different way. In traditional Chinese societies, personal contacts and relationship are built around kinship and local network especially in retail industry. English is United Kingdoms national language where in China Mandarin is the most spoken language. This difference affects more on high end civil aviation industry than the retail industry. Ghemawat says Political barriers will remain a part of the picture for those globalizing their operations. China adopted a closed door policies until the mid-1970, the liberalisation of China after 1978 has resulted in the political climate being less restrictive than before. China accession into World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001 is an important milestone for the countrys economy. After entering into WTO, China started the reform to liberalise trading rights, eliminate no tariff barriers, improve market access to goods and services, reduce traffic rates and protect intellectual property rights. Although Chinese government try the best efforts to promote rule of law, systemic and endemic corruption, lack of transparency, inconsistently enforced laws and regulations, an unreliable legal system and weak intellectual property protection remain to be the barriers to business profitability in China. The level of state involvement in the economy through large number of state owned ente rprise remain high creating distortions in the market and protectionist measures for local and state enterprises continue to impede fair trade and competition. After the 2008 financial crises, there is a phenomenon that many private owned business were acquired by the state owned enterprise due to lack of liquidity. Chinas time zone is eight hours ahead of London and the flying time between two capitals is around ten hours. Ongoing structural reforms in China, export growth and investment has resulted in annually real GDP growth rates of around 10% over the past 4 years. Sustained high growth has reduced poverty and creating huge demand on consumer goods and air travel which generate business opportunity in both retail and aviation industry.

Lewis and Clark Matter :: History Expeditions Essays

Lewis and Clark Matter Amid all the hoopla, it’s easy to lose sight of the expedition’s true significance As the Lewis and Clark bicentennial approaches—the Corps of Discovery set out from Camp Dubois at the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers on May 14, 1804—all the signs of a great cultural-historical wallow are in place. Hundreds of Lewis and Clark books are flooding the market—everything from The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition to Gary Moulton’s magnificent 13-volume edition of the expedition’s journals, to cookbooks, coloring books and trail guides. A gift catalog from Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello offers stuffed versions of a prairie dog, a bison and a Newfoundland dog made to look like Seaman, the animal that accompanied Lewis on the trip. You can even order dolls of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, Sacagawea and York "with detailed removable clothing." There are Corps of Discovery television documentaries, an IMAX movie and dozens upon dozens of Internet Web sites. There are Lewis and Clark conferences, museum exhibitions and trail rides. Last summer Harley-Davidson motorcycle riders drove parts of the trail. When Harley hogs discover Lewis and Clark, you know something big is going on! Now I would be the last person to dump mashed potatoes on all of this; after all, I’ve written four books about the expedition. Much of this bicentennial celebration is good, clean family fun that’s both informative and entertaining. But in all this hoopla I fear that we may miss the underlying significance of the Lewis and Clark story and the chance to connect these early explorers to the larger and richer stories of our past. On the road with Thomas Jefferson’s Corps of Discovery, or even standing alongside the trail as they pass by, we meet ourselves, and more important, we meet people who are not ourselves. Not the first Lewis and Clark were not the first white men to cross the continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific north of Mexico. (Scottish fur trader Alexander Mackenzie crossed Canada a decade earlier.) Nor did they visit places not already seen and mapped by generations of native people. You could even say that Lewis and Clark began the American invasion of the West, which aimed at making it safe for cows, corn and capital at the expense of bison, prairie grasses and cultures not fitting the expansionist agenda. If we want to be hard edged, we could even make a case that the Lewis and Clark story is a mainstay of the same shelf-worn narrative that glorifies and justifies the American conquest and dispossession of the North America natives.

Horror Genre Essay

Film Genre Report Horror is considered an ancient art form, delivering thrills and telling stories of the dark and forbidden side of life and on the contrary, death. Horror’s most far back influences go to the year of 1235, where ideas of witchcraft took position in these ancient societies, it wasn’t until the seventeenth century these beliefs amongst society faded. By the 1400s artists begin producing paintings of a nightmarish impact, and illustrations and tales of supernatural forces begin publishing. Development continues throughout time and by 1800 ‘Wake Not the Dead,’ by Johann Ludwig Tiek becomes the first known English vampire story when it is translated from German. By 1910 the first Frankenstein movie is made, with Thomas Edison having much input, and as the expansion in technology continued we have seen the production of many horror films in our society today. The top 5 Horror films of the 21st Century include Jurassic Park, The Sixth Sense, Jaws, I Am Legend and Ghostbusters, with these films engrossing millions for their production. Horror films attempt to extract the emotions of fear, horror and terror from viewers. Their plots frequently involve themes of death, the supernatural or mental illness and include a central villain. When comparing old horror films to new films, it is evident that the films reflect the social, cultural and technological values of their time. When evaluating the 1963 film The Birds, directed by Alfred Hitchcock, there is much proof of how the values and attitudes of portrayed within the film may be seen as anachronistic in our contemporary society. The film shows social values such as the women in the film being in danger, typically known as a â€Å"damsel in distress. † The woman is unprotected and cannot fend for herself without the help of the strong, masculine man within the film. When comparing this to a new film such as the 1999 film, The Sixth Sense, directed by M. Night Shyamalan, the typical social ideas are abolished. The film does not carry the idea of a woman in distress, and explores deeper meaning with family values included, rather than the typical hero and villain initiative. Cultural values such as smoking are portrayed throughout the older film The Birds, as the main character frequently holds a cigarette in her hand. During the 1960s smoking was an accepted and encouraged habit, and cigarette brands were frequently sponsors of television shows. In current society, cigarettes are frowned upon and the only advertising to do with smoking are full-on campaigns demoting cigarettes, explaining the danger and risks associated with smoking, including cancer and heart disease. When considering the technological values between older and new films, the obvious factor is special effects. When viewing The Birds, the underdeveloped special effects in comparison to at the present are detected with the use of simple backgrounds and the mixture of real and mechanical birds. Alfred Hitchcock's most expensive film to date (at the time) featured a stylized sound track – composed from a constant interplay of natural sounds and computer-generated bird noises. Real birds and animatronic birds were used throughout the film; advanced rotoscoping (an animation technique in which animators trace over live-action film movement, frame by frame) and male/female traveling mattes were used in the 20-second scene of hundreds of birds flying over an aerial view of the town. A combination of real live-action footage with hand-drawn matte paintings, in the scene of the bird-attack at the school, special effects combined the shot of the schoolhouse in the background with kids running on a treadmill in the foreground. With the progression of technology in the late 20th century and 21st century, films such as The Sixth Sense have been able to use higher standards of special effects, enhancing the illusion of the ‘dead,’ effective camera angles and photorealistic characters. Horror movies generally have similar codes and conventions – including the symbolic, written, audio and technical codes. Symbolism is used within horror to portray an important idea. For example, within the film The Sixth Sense, the colour red is used to symbolise death and the colour red is seen often at moments in the film when death is significant. Written codes include anything written on the screen, this may be subtitles, letters etc. Audio codes within horror films are a major aspect of adding suspense. Without intense music, a horror film is nothing but a mixture of moving images and words with no suspense added. Music adds to the build up of a terrifying or horrific moment, leaving the viewers on the edge of their seats. Finally, technical codes are important in creation of the film and the supernatural characters associated with horror films. Technical codes also include the use of camera angles, which can help in adding suspense for the viewers. Camera shots such as extreme close ups and panning shots are effective in adding tension within horror films. Overall, with the comparison of the new film The Sixth Sense, and the older film The Birds, we can effectively interpret the difference in values and attitudes portrayed from these times, and how the use of codes and conventions have influenced the portrayal of these ideas.

Evaluation of Bretton Woods Institution’s Influence on the Sovereign Decision Making Essay

Truly our global economy works in complexity as various collaborations and interrelationships happens between countries around the globe. Because of the interaction of different economies, Bretton Woods Institutions were established to guide those developing countries towards the attainment of impressive economic growth through the assistance of developed countries. Two of the major organizations under the Bretton Wood Institutions would be the World Bank and International Monetary Fund which provides research and financial services to developing countries to boost the economic activity of developing countries. Despite of the said gains that World Bank and International Monetary Fund offers to developing countries, a lot of debates concerning the real effects of such â€Å"intermediation† of WB and IMF happening on various parts of the globe. In this regard, the main question that this paper will about to answer would be: what are the effects of Bretton Woods Institutions programs on the sovereignty of developing countries and would there be really benefits that can be derived by developing countries on such existence of international institutions in the long run? These are some of the questions that we will uncover by the end of this paper. One of the main programs of World Bank and IMF for the developing countries would be to lend funds that can be used for economic development such as building of various infrastructures like roads and bridge that are essential to attract more foreign investors (Fischer et al 2003: 4). Aside from this, both of the identified international institutions provides research assistance as to how to deal with various economic problems such as poverty, high inflation and unemployment rate as well as stabilizing financial sector of the economy. But the only problem with IMF and WB would be their policy-conditional lending wherein they demand reforms on various economic policies of developing countries like lower tariff rate for United States or higher tax discount on foreign investors from developed countries in exchange for funds. Therefore, to some extent, IMF and WB, influences the economic policies of developing countries by requiring the latter to comply first on IMF and WB’s policy reforms before granting those financial aids. Since it is the government that makes economic policies, sovereignty is now at stake every time developing countries borrow money to MF and WB since the government becomes powerless from the demands of IMF and WB, and just let these international institutions to change whatever economic policies that is currently being implemented. For the past two decades, IMF and WB have been able to influence every developing country around the globe. Lending money serves as the powerful tool of IMF and WB in successfully penetrating the sovereignty of a given developing country in exchange for funding. In the short run perspective, every one would agree that IMF and WB are of great help for developing countries. But in the long run, due to their interventions on economic policies of developing countries, there is a tendency that the policy-conditional lending of IMF and WB would not fit to the nature of economic activities a certain country has thereby will only cause instability in the next coming years. In this regard, it is already clear that the policy-condition lending of IMF and WB would only provide short lived benefits for the economy of developing countries since negative effects of the said intervention would offset all those benefits. It would be better if IMF and WB would minimize its interventions on economic policies of developing countries to give room for the latter to have sustainable economic development.

The Nineteenth Century essays

The Nineteenth Century essays The Nineteenth Century American was very different than the Twentieth Century American. They had different technology, food, laws, dress, customs, view of art and beauty, and family structure. They lived a lot differently than we do and they acted differently, also. They liked different things, and had different customs, also. They spoke English, but used different words and words had different meanings. The Nineteenth Century American ate many different things, but most of theme were simple. During the Nineteenth Century, the potato chip was invented. American Indian George Crum invented them in 1853. He was a chef at a fancy restaurant in Saratoga Springs, New York. Crum made French fries that were too thin to grab with a fork, to make a customer mad. They ate many things but mostly simple things. The enjoyed eating the hamburger, but they ate it on a plate, and not on a bun. Also Dr. Pepper was invented in the Nineteenth Century. A man named Charles Alderton in Waco, Texas invented it in 1885. He was a pharmacist, and he was experimenting with different flavors in soda. Also Nineteenth Century Americans ate oysters, oyster stew, New England clam chowder, many kinds of fruit pies, and seafood. Coffee was served with all meals. Breakfast was served around seven, dinner (now called lunch) at noon (except on Sunday where it was served around two), and supper at six. Nineteenth Century Americans wore completely different clothes than the Twentieth Century Americans. Many young boys and men would wear suits, even as play clothes. Many were dark blue, with or black. There were many ruffles and cuffs. Many men and boys would wear tan colored shoes. Most women wore long hooping skirts, also with many cuffs and ruffles. For work, many men wore blue jeans, after Levi Straus invented them. In the early Nineteenth Century, most people were of the Protestant religion. There were a few Catholics and a few Jews,...

Beauty in the Works of Jane Austin Essays

Beauty in the Works of Jane Austin Essays Beauty in the Works of Jane Austin Essay Beauty in the Works of Jane Austin Essay Jane Austen has emphasized love and beauty often in her novels.I mostly enjoy how she illustrates that beauty is not everything; as long as one has a good personality, money or family relations, they have a chance at love. In Northanger Abbey, Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen creates a character whom is known for being homely yet lovely. Catherine in Northanger Abbey obtained a tom-boy attitude that was typically not attractive to men.Jane Austen knew it was not the stereotypical heroine’s personality, and quotes, â€Å"No one who had ever seen Catherine Morland in her infancy, would have supposed her born to be a heroine.† Although Catherine was not found to be very feminine, she fell in love with Henry since they both enjoyed reading novels, and education. The reader of this book is most like Catherine’s characteristics, and is not a standard heroine. Therefore, the reader can relate more towards Catherine.Beauty is seen to be shown through composure, cleanliness, obedience and being humble.Catherine does not show this: â€Å"she wasnoisy and wild, hated confinement and cleanliness, and loved nothing so well in the world as rolling down the green slope at the back of the house.†Yet, Catherine still finds love, giving hope to the readers. The combination of having all these feminine qualities would make a woman perfect.In Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth interrogates the men on their definition of an â€Å"accomplished women.† Mr. Darcy, with boastful spirits, says that women must walk a certain way, be skilled at music, art, reading, tone and expression.While Elizabeth responds saying it is nearly impossible to expect every woman to be like his description, â€Å"I am no longer surprised at your knowing only six accomplished women. I rather wonder now at your knowing any.† I personally think this is very true.Media portrays women as needing to be accomplished, through knowledge, skill and